Pet Dental Care
Why must my pet undergo anaesthesia for a dental cleaning? Can’t the groomer just scrape the tartar off of his teeth?
Tartar is made of bacteria, and when it is removed from the surface of the teeth, we worry that small pieces could be inhaled by the patient causing a lung infection. For this reason, “Non-anesthetic” cleaning is NEVER recommended. Anaesthesia allows us to place an endotracheal tube in the windpipe to prevent infection of the lungs. Secondly, the most important part of the cleaning is the removal of plaque and tartar under the gumline. This is just not possible in an awake pet. And lastly, the teeth are not polished, which will leave the cleaned surface rough and actually increase the adherence of plaque to the teeth.
I am worried about my 13-year-old dog undergoing anaesthesia for a dental procedure. Is it possible for a dog to be “too old” to benefit from professional dental care?
Some people tell us about pets that have had problems or died under anaesthesia. Fifteen or twenty years ago, many of these concerns would be valid reasons for not proceeding with an elective procedure on an older pet. Fortunately, things have changed for pets having anaesthesia today. Contemporary anaesthesia is much safer in several ways.
First, pre-anaesthetic testing helps us to recognize those pets that are having internal problems that aren’t yet recognizable by their owners at home. If a problem is found, we can try to resolve it before allowing the pet to undergo anaesthesia.
Second, modern inhalant gas is a much safer arrangement than using only injectable agents to achieve an appropriate level of anaesthesia. As mentioned above, the endotracheal tube protects against contamination of the lungs by oral or stomach matter.
Third, monitoring has changed from merely watching to see if the dog is breathing to tracking pulse rate and quality, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, and electrical rhythm of the heart. When pets are being monitored appropriately, it allows veterinarians and technicians to detect abnormalities and initiate therapy to avoid anaesthetic problems.
Fourth, all pets undergoing dental care receive fluid therapy by the intravenous catheter during anaesthesia to maintain vascular volume and blood pressure. This protects sensitive brain and kidney cells. We also use thermal support to prevent hypothermia during anaesthesia which can change the rate at which drugs are processed.
I know our clients get tired of us saying it, but I believe that age is not a disease, and mature pets that are otherwise healthy are able to tolerate anaesthesia well. An older pet is more likely to have more severe periodontal disease and, thus, more pain. These animals still need care in order to maintain the quality of their lives. Taking care of their gums and teeth is also one of the best ways to extend their lifespan.
Why is cleaning my pet’s teeth more expensive than cleaning my teeth? Why is it more expensive than the last time his teeth were cleaned a few years ago?
The cost of dental care for pets has certainly increased as the quality of anaesthesia, cleaning, and services have increased. One example is that we now offer dental radiography, or X-rays, which allow us to see the roots and bone surrounding each tooth. We want to provide safe anaesthesia and a service that actually helps to treat pain and prevent the progression of the disease, and to do that; we need special equipment like a blood pressure monitor, a fluid pump, and an ultrasonic scaler. Most of this equipment is unnecessary when human teeth are cleaned because we are not undergoing anaesthesia. Also, remember that usually, our hygienist performs a routine preventative cleaning before hardly any tartar has built up on our teeth. Pets rarely get dental care this early, and thus, their cleaning is not a true preventative.
The doctor has recommended extraction of some of my pet’s teeth, but will he still be able to eat without these teeth?
Yes. Our goal in veterinary dental care is for our patients to have mouths free of infection and pain. It is much better to have no tooth than to have an infected tooth with a root abscess or a painful broken tooth. We have many dog and cat patients that are able to eat a regular diet with few or even no teeth! Sometimes a veterinary dental specialist can offer root canals or more advanced therapy to save teeth. Our doctors will always offer referrals if there is a possibility of saving teeth.
I can’t tell that my pet is in pain even though he has broken teeth and red, inflamed gums. Wouldn’t he stop eating if he was in any pain?
Some pets will stop eating altogether when their teeth, bone, and gums hurt badly enough. The vast majority, however, will find some tactic to keep eating. They may chew on the other side of their mouths or swallow their kibble whole. Pets have an extremely strong instinct to survive no matter what discomfort they feel. Sometimes the symptoms of periodontal disease are so vague that we don’t notice them. Pets may be reluctant to hold their toys in their mouths, be less playful, resent having their teeth brushed, have a hard time sleeping, or have no outward symptoms at all. Often, after we have treated broken teeth or extracted infected teeth, our patients’ parents tell us that they act more energetic and playful than they have in years!!
How often should a routine dental cleaning be performed?
Every patient is different, so this is a hard question to answer. Usually, the smaller dogs should have their teeth cleaned earlier and more often because their teeth are more crowded in their mouths. Bigger dogs may not develop tartar as quickly, but their mouths should be monitored closely for broken teeth. Cats are all individuals and should be examined closely for any excessive gingivitis, which may be an indication of some special cat diseases like resorptive lesions or stomatitis/gingivitis syndrome.
How can periodontal disease hurt my pet?
The possible local (in the mouth) effects of periodontal disease are pain, infection of the gums, bone, and/or teeth, and loss of teeth. Chronic infection of the periodontal tissues allows bacteria to enter the circulatory system resulting in the seeding of the internal organs (heart, kidneys, liver) and may lead to serious infections in these organs.
